your boss comes in with news that will affect your future, or you travel to attend a conference and meet someone who is going to change the direction of your whole life. Planning presumption is rationally preposterous when you see how quickly things change. The second way that we move from providence to presumption is by forgetting how quickly we change. Let’s call that personal presumption. This presumption is what James addresses when he asks, “What is your life? For you are a mist that appears